Spoofing

By spoofing the source adress of the ARP request it is possible to have the target accept the new address. This is due to the fact that ARP is stateless and there is no authentication.

Perform

There are tools and scripts that can perform arp spoofing. One of the more well known framworks in python is named Scapy this framework is used for packet manipulation is able to send ARP messages and craft frames from scratch.

Arpspoof

using the kali tool arp spoof you can spoof a target adress and redirect traffic to a target of your choice. This tool is often used in combination with other tools to perform MiTM attacks on the network.

Mitigation

There are several ways of mitigating ARP spoofing attacks

Static ARP entries

The simplest way of mitigating this attack is to use static read only entries for critical services in the ARP cache.

This mitigation can impose a lot of work for network maintenace. These static solutions do not scale on large networks.

ARP Spoofing detection and prevention software

There is software on the market that can performs cross checks of ARP responses based on the reponse the software is able to block the arp request.

These options might be integrated with a DHCP server so that both static and dynamic adresses are verified. This capability might be intregrated into switches and routers.

AntiArp

this software provides windows based spoofing prevention at the kernel level

Arpstar

Arpstar is a linux module for kernel 2.6 and linksys routers that drops invalid packets that violate mapping and has a capability to re-poision (heal) ARP tables.

KVM

KVM also provides a way to prevent MAC spoofing.

OpenBSD

OpenBSD passively watches for hosts impersonating the local host and sends a notification in case of an attempt to overwrite a permanent entry.

OS security

Several Linux based operating systems have mitigations available to them. These methods are normally not enabled.

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